Journalism and Journalists' Vulnerability during COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

Journalists are among the workers who continue to engage in journalism activities like news covering despite the COVID-19 pandemic. Journalists facing paradoxical conditions between being productive in news covering and the dangers of virus transmission that can infect at any time. In other hand, journalists need support equipment facilities to avoid virus transmission during news covering process. Moreover, various media companies announce layoffs and salary cuts by asserting business uncertainty. This study aims to describe journalists' vulnerability within journalism activity and journalist as occupation during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. This study was conducted with a qualitative method by analyzing the primer data from 50 journalist various region and representatives of journalist's association in Indonesia. Furthermore, we analyze secondary data that provided officially by Alliance of Independent Journalists Indonesia. Authors found that the lack of health insurance, support for preventing the spread of COVID-19, unilateral dismissals by media institutions, and salary cuts place journalists in a difficult position. Aspects of journalism activities that run normally without institutional or structural support legitimize the vulnerabilities experienced by journalists in Indonesia. © 2022 Rev. Archai. All rights reserved.

Future of mobility in Jakarta Metropolitan Area: A Multi-Stakeholder scenario planning

The growth of the urban population and their mobility, added with the COVID-19 pandemic and its impacts, requires the capability to anticipate uncertainties. As a developing country, Indonesia has progressed with many developments in urban mobility, but at the same time, challenges still may affect its future, particularly in a metropolitan like Jakarta. Despite the widely understood challenges faced by the metropolitan, there has been limited understanding about its possible futures of mobility and the ways to go in its respective future. A multi-stakeholder scenario planning was used to develop future scenarios of urban mobility in Jakarta Metropolitan Area (JMA), utilizing stakeholders' point of views regarding the driving forces and critical uncertainties that may shape the future of mobility to create action-oriented strategies to achieve the desired future. A medium-term time scale of ten years (2021–2030) was used to give viable and practical recommendations. Four scenarios were developed, which consisted of: 1) one seamless ecosystem, 2) the culture of public transportation, 3) the exclusive green community, and 4) the social dilemma of public versus private transportation, which emphasized the forms of mobility that would dominate in the next ten years. With implications of each scenario explained from several aspects, six efforts should be considered to direct the future of mobility in Jakarta Metropolitan Area: vehicle electrification, limitation of fossil fuel vehicles and broader use of public transportation, implementation of MaaS and TOD, commuters' behavior changes with push and pull policies, and boosting funding for mobility facilities. © 2023 The Author(s)

INITIAL STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON BUSINESS SURVIVAL AMONG SINGLE MOTHER ENTREPRENEURS: DOES DIGITAL MARKETING MATTER?

Since 2019, the Coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic has hit the whole world significantly and has been one of the worst nightmares for us. Single mother entrepreneurs have been one of the most affected groups due to COVID-19, and this group's gradual implementation of technology is called for. This article aims to determine the pandemic's implications for SMPs and whether they have taken any new strategies or changes for the survival of their business. Adopting a qualitative research approach, an open group discussion has been conducted at Padang Jawa, Klang. A total of seven SMPs have been interviewed. The COVID-19 Movement Control Order (MCO) impacts on single mother entrepreneurs and strategies have been divided into two sections: the entrepreneur's perspective on COVID-19 and their current view and approach to facing the pandemic. © School of Engineering, Taylor's University.

Antibody Responses and Reactogenicity of a Heterologous, Full-Dose Messenger RNA-1273 Booster in Heavily SARS-CoV-2-Exposed CoronaVac-Vaccinated Health-Care Workers in Indonesia: A Real-World Observational Study.

Real-world data on heterologous boosting with messenger RNA (mRNA)-1273 (Moderna) after inactivated COVID-19 vaccination are limited. We report mRNA-1273 boosting in heavily SARS-CoV-2-exposed Indonesian health-care workers who received a two-dose CoronaVac 6 months prior. Between August and November 2021, we measured SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgG binding antibody (Bab) titers in all 304 participants, and neutralizing antibody titers in a random subset of 71 participants, on stored paired serum samples taken before and 28 days after a full-dose (100-µg) mRNA-1273 booster. At the time of the mRNA-1273 boost, 107 participants (35.2%) were not previously infected (naive vaccinated), 42 (13.8%) were infected before CoronaVac (infected vaccinated), and 155 (51.0%) were infected after CoronaVac (mostly during the Delta wave; vaccinated infected). At time of the mRNA-1273 boost, neutralizing antibodies could still be detected in 83% of participants (59 of 71) overall, 60% of naive-vaccinated participants (15 of 25), 95.7% of vaccinated-infected participants (22 of 23), and 95.7% of infected vaccinated participants (22 of 23). After the mRNA-1273 boost, 100% of participants (71 of 71) had neutralizing antibody activity, with increases in median Bab and neutralizing antibody serum titers of 9.3- and 27.0-fold overall, 89.1- and 2,803.4-fold in naive-vaccinated participants, 15.9- and 19.9-fold in infected-vaccinated participants, and 2.2- and 18.4-fold in vaccinated-infected participants. In the multivariable analysis, Bab titers after the mRNA-1273 boost were greatest in individuals who had a previous virus breakthrough post-CoronaVac, and when a longer time period (> 4 months) had elapsed since the most recent prior "spike antigen exposure" (either second CoronaVac or virus breakthrough). Overall, adverse reactions were mild and short-lived. In conclusion, a full-dose mRNA-1273 booster after CoronaVac was well tolerated and immunogenic after 28 days, including in those with very low antibody levels.

The Assessment of Evaluating and Designing Scientific Enquiry Skills Profile in Senior High School Level on COVID-19 Pandemic Content

This study was intended to analyse the assessment profile of question items included in senior high school documents in which the respective assessment attempted to measure the skills of evaluating and designing scientific enquiry within COVID-19 pandemic related content. The analysis was performed on question items in some documents namely student worksheets, daily tests, midterm tests, and final tests. The documents were collected from six state and private schools in Bandung. Schools were then selected using a stratified random sampling technique. The research instrument employed was validation rubric on evaluating and designing scientific enquiry skills based on PISA framework (2018). The assessment documents were analyzed using descriptive method. The result indicated that only a few parts (1,4%) of the question items were valid to be used in measuring the evaluating and designing scientific enquiry skills on COVID-19 pandemic related content. © 2022 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved.

Development of interactive multimedia using Adobe Flash based on problem solving in trigonometry learning

Interactive multimedia is very important in learning, to help students learn mathematics so that they can learn independently, more easily understand and be motivated to learn. The purpose of this research describes the development of interactive multimedia using Adobe Flash CS6 based on problem-solving in learning trigonometry. This research was conducted in Indonesia. The research method used was the Research and Development (R&D) with the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation (ADDIE) model. The research subjects were mathematics education experts, interactive multimedia experts, and 6 high school students. To test the feasibility of interactive multimedia, data were collected using the form of content validity, face validity, and questionnaires. Content validity measures the suitability of a concept with the curriculum syllabus and problem-solving. Meanwhile, face validity is more likely to measure performance style. The data collected were analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that interactive multimedia using Adobe Flash- based on problem-solving in Trigonometry learning was suitable for use as interactive multimedia in mathematics learning. The limitations of this research, which was carried out in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic, did not reach the implementation in the classroom but only limited trials with 6 students. © 2022 Author(s).

HUBUNGAN KADAR C-REAKTIV PROTEIN (CRP) DENGAN NILAI CYCLE TRESHOLD (CT) PADA PENDERITA COVID-19

Background: COVID-19 infection is caused by a coronavirus, with the main symptoms being respiratory problems. Common diagnostic tests performed are rapid antigen test, antibody rapid test, ELISA and RT-PCR. The gold standard test for diagnosing COVID-19 is RT-PCR. Another recommended parameter is viral load, namely the cycle threshold value. CRP is one of the parameters for examining inflammation markers in COVID-19 cases. C-Reactive Protein levels can be used for the initial diagnosis of pneumonia. Patients with severe pneumonia have elevated levels of C-Reactive Protein. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation of the Cycle threshold value with levels of C-Reactive Protein, in patients with COVID-19. The type of research conducted is correlational, nonexperimental quantitative. The research was conducted at the Charitas Hospital KM.7 Palembang Hospital Laboratory from May to June 2020. The research subjects were 40 patients at Charitas Hospital KM.7. The statistical test used was the Pearson correlation test, and the test results obtained a sig value of 0.494 (p>0.05). The conclusion is that there is no relationship between Cycle Threshold values and C-Reactive Protein levels in COVID-19 patients. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] Latar Belakang: Infeksi COVID-19 disebabkan oleh virus corona, dengan gejala utama berupa gangguan pernapasan. Pemeriksaan diagnostik yang umum dilakukan yaitu rapid test antigen, rapid test antibodi, ELISA dan RT-PCR. Pemeriksaan baku emas untuk mendiagnosis COVID-19 adalah RT-PCR. Parameter lain yang disarankan adalah viral load yaitu nilai Cycle treshold. CRP merupakan salah satu parameter pemeriksaan penanda inflamasi pada kasus COVID-19. Kadar C-Reaktif Protein dapat digunakan untuk diagnosis awal pneumonia. Pasien dengan pneumonia berat terjadi peningkatan kadar C-Reaktif Protein yang tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui korelasi nilai Cycle threshold dengan kadar CReaktif Protein, pada penderita COVID-19. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah kuantitatif non eksperimental korelasional, penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Rumah Sakit Charitas Hospital KM.7 Palembang pada bulan Mei s/d Juni 2020. Subjek penelitian adalah pasien rawat inap di Rumah Sakit Charitas Hospital KM.7 sebanyak 40 orang. Uji statistik yang digunakan uji korelasi pearson, hasil uji didapatkan nilai sig 0,494 (p > 0,05). Kesimpulan tidak terdapat hubungan antara nilai Cycle treshold dan kadar C-Reaktif Protein pada penderita COVID-19. (Indonesian) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Syntax Literate is the property of Ridwan Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Evaluating Saliva Sampling with Reverse Transcription Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification to Improve Access to SARS-CoV-2 Diagnosis in Low-Resource Settings.

Standard diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 by nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) requires a sophisticated laboratory, skilled staff, and expensive reagents that are difficult to establish and maintain in isolated, low-resource settings. In the remote setting of tropical Sumba Island, eastern Indonesia, we evaluated alternative sampling with fresh saliva (FS) and testing with colorimetric loop-medicated isothermal amplification (LAMP). Between August 2020 and May 2021, we enrolled 159 patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection, of whom 75 (47%) had a positive PCR on NPS (median cycle threshold [Ct] value: 27.6, interquartile range: 12.5-37.6). PCR on FS had a sensitivity of 72.5% (50/69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 60.4-82.5) and a specificity of 85.7% (66/77, 95% CI: 75.9-92.6), and positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values of 82.0% (95% CI: 0.0-90.6) and 77.6% (95% CI: 67.3-86.0), respectively. LAMP on NPS had a sensitivity of 68.0% (51/75, 95% CI: 56.2-78.3) and a specificity of 70.8% (63/84, 95% CI: 58.9-81.0), with PPV 70.8% (95% CI: 58.9-81.0) and NPV 72.4% (95% CI: 61.8-81.5%). LAMP on FS had a sensitivity of 62.3% (43/69, 95% CI: 49.8-73.7%) and a specificity of 72.7% (56/77, 95% CI: 61.4-82.3%), with PPV 67.2% (95% CI: 54.3-78.4) and NPV 68.3% (95% CI: 57.1-78.1%). LAMP sensitivity was higher for NPS and FS specimens with high viral loads (87.1% and 75.0% for Ct value < 26, respectively). Dried saliva on filter paper was stable for 4 days at room temperature. LAMP on either NPS or FS could offer an accessible alternative for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis in low-resource settings, with potential for optimizing sample collection and processing, and selection of gene targets.

Small and Medium Business Resilience Framework : A systematic review

A business resilience framework is an organization's ability to generate responses to uncertain events and be competitive with large profit-making companies. This systematic literature review focuses on the business resilience framework among small and medium-sized entrepreneurs (SMEs) to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic and sustain business performance, which can be recognized as the factors in determining business performance and sustainability. Although the study could not cover all SMEs in Malaysia due to a lack of reporting, it is still significant. The study could assist businesses in developing resilience strategies through which they can respond to uncertain environments.

Mung bean sprouts yoghurt rich in antioxidants as a functional drink during pandemic

This study was aimed to determine the effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) and the proportion of mung bean sprouts milk-skim milk on phenolic content, protein, and fibre of mung bean sprouts yoghurt, and the best formula. Green beans are germinated for 10 hrs, blended until smooth, and then fermented into yoghurt. LAB levels of 0.25% and 0.5%, as well as the proportion of mung bean sprouts milk-skim milk 100: 0, 90:10, 80:20, and 70:30, with three replications. Phenolic levels were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method;dissolved protein by the Lowry method;and fibre by the AOAC method. LAB levels of 0.5% increased the content of phenolic (P = 0.02), protein (P = 0.0003), and fibre (P = 0.046), as well as the proportion of 70% mung bean sprouts milk and 30% skim milk also increased the content of phenolic (P = 0.0014), protein (P = 0.014), and fibre (P = 0.036) of mung bean sprouts yoghurt, but the treatment interaction had no effect (P<0.05). The best mung bean sprouts yoghurt formula was mung bean sprouts yoghurt made with the proportion of mung bean sprouts milk: skim milk, 70:30 with LAB 0.5%, with the content of phenolic 1273.11 mg GAE/L, 41.40% protein, and 12.17% fibre. Mung bean sprouted yoghurt was rich in phenolic antioxidants, protein, and fibre and suitable as an antioxidant-rich drink during the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2022 The Authors. Published by Rynnye Lyan Resources.

Serum anti-Spike antibody titers before and after heterologous booster with mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine following two doses of inactivated whole-virus CoronaVac vaccine (preprint)

BackgroundThe inactivated whole-virus vaccine CoronaVac (SinoVac) is the COVID-19 vaccine most administered worldwide. However, data on its immunogenicity and reactogenicity to heterologous boosting with mRNA vaccines are lacking. MethodsIn a cohort of hospital staff in Jakarta, Indonesia, who received two-dose CoronaVac six months prior (median 190 days, IQR165-232), we measured anti-Spike IgG titers on paired serum samples taken before and 28 days after a 100g mRNA-1273 (Moderna) booster. We performed correlations and multivariable ordinal regressions. FindingsAmong 304 participants, the median age was 31 years (range 21-59), 235 (77.3%) were women, 197 (64.8%) had one or more previous SARS-CoV-2 infections (including 155 [51.0%] who had a post-CoronaVac breakthrough infection. Pre-boost IgG titers correlated negatively with the time since the latest documented "virus exposure" (either by the second CoronaVac or SARS-CoV-2-infection whichever most recent). Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and a longer time interval between second vaccine and mRNA-1273 boost were associated with a higher pre-boost IgG titer. Post-booster, the median IgG titer increased 9.3-fold, from 250 (IQR32-1389) to 2313 (IQR1226-4324) binding antibody units (BAU/mL) (p<0.001). All participants, including seven whose pre-boost IgG was below assay detection limits, became seropositive and all reached a substantial post-boost titer ([≥]364 BAU/mL). Post-boost IgG was not associated with pre-boost titer or previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. Booster reactogenicity was acceptable, with 7.9% of participants experiencing short-lived impairment of activities of daily living (ADL). InterpretationA heterologous, high-dose mRNA-1273 booster after two-dose CoronaVac was highly immunogenic and safe, including in those most in need of improved immunity. FundingWellcome Trust, UK Research in contextO_ST_ABSEvidence before this studyC_ST_ABSThe inactivated whole-virus vaccine CoronaVac (SinoVac) is the COVID-19 vaccine most administered worldwide, at around 2 billion doses in 54 countries. Concerns that CoronaVac has lower immunogenicity than virus vector or mRNA vaccines, with pronounced decreases of neutralising antibody titres within a few months, and reduced effectiveness in the older population, highlight the urgent need for immunogenic, safe and well-tolerated booster schedules, especially with Omicron rapidly emerging. We used the terms "SARS-CoV-2", "COVID-19", "vaccine", "booster" to search PubMed and medRxiv up to Dec 22th, 2021, with no language or date restrictions, to identify clinical trials and real-world studies reporting on the immune responses and reactogenicity to a "third booster" of currently approved COVID-19 vaccines. Previous research reported that neutralising antibody responses elicited by all currently approved vaccines (mRNA, adenovirus-vectored, inactivated, and protein subunit) declined to varying degrees after 6-8 months after full-schedule vaccination. Several clinical trials have evaluated heterologous ("mix and match") vaccination schedules, demonstrating robust immune responses in adults. After two-dose CoronaVac, BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) boost was significantly more immunogenic than a homologous booster against wild-type and Variants of Concern (VOCs) Beta, Gamma and Delta, and AZD1222 boost increased spike RBD-specific IgG 9-10-fold, with high neutralizing activity against the wild type and VOCs. Compared to previous SARS-CoV-2 variants, current vaccine boosters appeared to neutralise Delta to a slightly lesser degree, and Omicron to a substantially lesser degree, although preliminary data from Moderna found that the authorised dose (50g) of the mRNA-1273 boost increased antibodies 37-fold and the high-dose (100g) boost 83-fold. Added value of this studyTo our knowledge, this study is the first to provide critical real-world evidence that heterologous boosting with high-dose mRNA-1273 vaccine after CoronaVac is highly immunogenic, safe and well-tolerated in adults. After a primary course of two-dose CoronaVac, we found that a high-dose (100g) mRNA-1273 booster was immunogenic for all participants in a highly exposed cohort of hospital staff in Jakarta, Indonesia, in the context of Delta predominance, particularly for those with the lowest pre-boost antibody levels. All participants became seropositive and all reached a substantial post-boost titer ([≥]364 BAU/mL), up to a median 9.3-fold increase. Booster reactogenicity was acceptable, with 7.9% of participants experiencing short-lived impairment of activities of daily living Implications of all the available evidenceThe study findings contribute to informing policy makers on flexible options in deploying COVID-19 vaccines in mix-and-match schedules, with particular relevance for countries that are largely dependent on inactivated vaccines. Further trials are warranted that assess clinical endpoints of optimized doses of mRNA-1273 booster, and variant-specific or multivalent vaccines in response to decreased protection against emerging SARS-CoV-2 VOCs.

Performance Testing and Preventive Maintenance of Automatic Handwashing Tool in the Efforts of COVID-19 Prevention

This study is a research and development. The purpose of this research is to test the performance of recycled automatic handwashing tool and then make a preventive maintenance schedule for automatically recycled handwashing tool to keep the machine in maximal condition. Data is collected by observation and documentation, then the data is analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The results showed the performance test of the handwashing tool able to use within 6 h of use. The next test results show that handwashing tools are optimal if the device terminates when not in use. It can protect the battery so that the tools can operate for more than 6 h once. Preventive maintenance with weekly and monthly routine schedules using inspection, small repair, medium repair, and overhaul methods. The total time needed for precaution maintenance of handwashing tool is 155 min. The implementation of a routine maintenance schedule for automatic handwashing tool that has been carried out gives an idea to us that the use of automatic handwashing tools is still used today as a measure to prevent the COVID-19 virus. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Kesiapsiagaan Remaja Dalam Menghadapi Wabah COVID-19

COVID-19 menyebar sangat cepat dan menginfeksi jutaan orang dengan angka kematian yang tinggi pada lansia dan individu dengan penyakit penyerta. Namun remaja sekalipun tidak kebal terhadap infeksi COVID-19, sehingga kesiapsiagaan menghadapi COVID-19 sangatlah penting. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode potong lintang dengan tujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kesiapsiagaan remaja dalam menghadapi COVID-19, dan hubungannya dengan tingkat pengetahuan dan dukungan yang diperoleh. Populasi penelitian adalah remaja di SMA PGRI Lembang dengan teknik total sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan responden tentang COVID-19 tergolong moderat, dukungan yang diperoleh tergolong moderat sedangkan kesiapsiagan terhadap COVID-termasuk tinggi. Uji hubungan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan diknifikan dengan arah posisif antara pengetahuan dan kesiapsiagaan maupun antara dukungan dan kesiapsiagaan. Sehingga disimpulkan bahwa semakin tinggi pengetahuan remaja dan dukungan terhadap remaja akan meningkatkan kesiapsiagaan dalam menghadapi COVID-19. Setiap individu perlu siap siaga dalam menghadapi pandemi ini, saling mendukung dan mengingatkan, karena COVID-19 harus dihadapi bersama.

Digital Media Use Of Generation Z During COVID-19 Pandemic

This study examines the depth (frequency), and width (different types) of digital media use about COVID-19 pandemic by Indonesian Gen Z. Participants come from several regions and consist of Gen Z who were born between 1995-2010. A survey towards 326 participants found that WhatsApp, Instagram, and YouTube are platforms that were used by Gen Z in their daily life. Meanwhile, this generation chose WhatsApp as the platform to share information on COVID-19 and other platforms like Instagram and Twitter to receive and post information, image, video, opinion, and personal experiences related to COVID-19. Finding also shows that in daily life, the participants can be categorised as heavy users because they spent more than four hours a day to use digital media. In contrast, they only spent less than an hour per day to find and share information about COVID-19. Therefore, this study argues that there are differences in media preference between daily life and toward COVID-19 pandemic information.

IKIP Siliwangi student’s perceptions of online teaching and learning process during COVID-19 pandemic?

Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia has an impact on various fields of life, especially higher education. The online lecture system in higher education is an effective solution and has been applied in the lecture process. This study aims to determine student perceptions about online lectures, to find out the forms of an application used in online lectures and to find out the supporting factors and inhibiting factors in online lectures. This research was conducted with a descriptive survey research method, the sample in this study were students majoring in mathematics education, PGPAUD, and Counseling Guidance, PGSD, Community education and Indonesian with a total number of students 183. The data analysis technique used in this study is to calculate the percentage of data from each indicator, then interpret the score presentation of the data and analyze each indicator. The research instrument uses a question questionnaire sent via the google form application. The results obtained are students' perceptions of online lectures that students prefer face-to-face lectures compared to online lectures, supporting factors for online lectures are students have free opportunities to learn and find sources of information, availability of data packages, cellphones, laptops and internet networks that support. An inhibiting factor in the online lecture process is the lack of data packages and the internet. This research is expected to be an evaluation of various parties in conducting online learning in tertiary institutions and as study material for other researchers in analyzing and developing students' perceptions in online learning during emergencies in tertiary institutions. © 2020 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.